(A) Guava

Guava is considered one of the richest sources of vitamin C among fruits. It contains a high concentration of ascorbic acid, which is a form of vitamin C. While other fruits like oranges and pineapples also contain vitamin C, guava surpasses them in terms of vitamin C content per serving. Tomatoes, although a good source of vitamin C, are generally lower in vitamin C compared to guava.

(D) Cells which are similar in origin, form and function.

Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in origin, form, and function, working together to perform specific tasks in the body. Tissues can be classified into four main types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Each type of tissue is composed of cells that share common characteristics and collaborate to carry out specialized functions within the body.

(B) Urethra

The urethra is the structure that forms a common passage for both urine and sperm in human males. It connects the urinary bladder to the external opening and serves as the channel through which urine and semen pass out of the body. The other options—Oviduct, Ureter, and Vas deferens—are not involved in the passage of urine in males. Oviduct is part of the female reproductive system, while the ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the vas deferens is a duct that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

(A) Small Intestine

The absorption of nutrients from food primarily occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine is a long, coiled tube that follows the stomach in the digestive tract. It is the primary site for the absorption of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream. The small intestine has specialized structures called villi and microvilli that increase its surface area, facilitating efficient absorption of nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes but is not the main site for nutrient absorption. The stomach plays a role in digestion but is not a major site of nutrient absorption. The liver is involved in processing and storing nutrients but does not directly absorb them from the digestive tract.

(D) Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a deficiency of protein in the diet. It often occurs in areas where there is a lack of access to an adequate protein source. The condition is more common in developing countries and can affect children, leading to symptoms such as swelling (edema), a distended abdomen, stunted growth, and changes in skin and hair. Protein is essential for the proper growth and maintenance of tissues in the body, and a lack of it can result in severe health issues, as seen in the case of kwashiorkor. Scurvy, Beri-Beri, and Night-Blindness are caused by deficiencies of vitamin C, thiamine (vitamin B1), and vitamin A, respectively, not protein.

(D) Mesocarp

The edible portion of a mango is the mesocarp, which is the fleshy and pulpy middle layer of the fruit. The outer skin (exocarp) is not typically consumed, and the inner seed (endocarp) is also not eaten. The mesocarp is the part that is juicy, sweet, and commonly enjoyed in various culinary applications, such as eating the fruit fresh, making juices, or incorporating it into salads and desserts.

(C) Spinal cord

Vertebrae are part of the spinal column, also known as the backbone or spine. The spinal column is a bony structure that encases and protects the spinal cord, which is a crucial component of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of various bodily functions.

The study of properties and methods of biological systems found in nature and the application of this knowledge in the design and improvement of artificial systems is known as:

(A) Bionics

Explanation:

Bionics: Bionics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology and engineering. It involves studying natural systems to understand their design and functionality and then applying this knowledge to create or improve artificial systems. The goal is to develop technologies inspired by nature. For example, designing a robot based on the principles observed in animal locomotion or creating materials inspired by the structure of biological tissues.

The other options:

Bionomics: This term is more commonly associated with the ecological study of organisms and their relationships with each other and their environment.

Bionomy: This term is not commonly used, and its meaning can vary in different contexts.

Biometry: Biometry usually refers to the statistical analysis of biological data.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A) Bionics.