People have long circulated news via word-of-mouth, and as language evolved into writing and literacy – and governments played larger roles in people’s lives – sharing information became a necessity. However, disseminating news and information on paper presented significant challenges. When each copy had to be handwritten, mass distribution was impossible. They were first chiseled in stone or metal; later, they were handwritten and distributed in public forums or read from scrolls by town criers. Though both ancient Romans and Chinese – as well as other ancient civilizations – had early forms of news media, they do not qualify as newspapers because they could not be mass-distributed.
 The first true newspapers arrived after Johannes Gutenberg introduced his movable type printing press to the European world around 1440. Though printing presses with movable type had existed in eastern Asia for around two centuries, they never made it to Europe; furthermore, Gutenberg’s version made it significantly faster to mass produce documents. By 1500, the printing press had made its way throughout Europe, and news sheets (or news books) were mass-distributed.
 The first weekly newspaper was published in Germany by Johann Carolus in 1604. Called Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, the publication satisfied the four tenets of a “true” newspaper: Accessibility by the public, Published at a regular interval (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) ,Information is current ,Covers a variety of topics (politics, events, entertainment, sports, etc.) Despite meeting the requirements for a newspaper, there is some debate as to whether The Relation qualifies as the world’s first newspaper since it was printed in quarto, not folio, size. It’s worth noting the World Association of Newspapers considers The Relation the first true newspaper.’
 Other German newspapers followed, and in 1618 the world’s first broadsheet newspaper printed in folio size was published in Amsterdam, called Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. The newspaper format soon spread throughout Europe, with newspapers published in Spain, France, and Sweden. The first English newspaper was published in 1665 in Oxford, England. Known as the Oxford Gazette, the newspaper moved to London in 1666 and was renamed the London Gazette. It’s still being published today. Soon after, the newspaper became a staple in all major European countries. It then made its way to the New World. 

Choose the word which is most nearly the SIMILAR in meaning to the word ‘disseminating’ printed in Bold & Underline as used in the passage. 

The speaker did not properly use the time as he went on……..on one point alone

In each of the following questions, sentences are given with blanks to be filled in with an appropriate word (s). Four alternatives are suggested for each question. Choose the correct alternative out of the four and indicate your choice for the correct answer.

Fortunately, nobody …………… bitten by the poisonous snake.

Direction: In the following questions, out of the four alternatives, choose the word opposite in meaning of the given word as your answer.

Quell

Direction: In the question a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expressed the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice and mark your answer in the Answer Sheet.

The cabinet approved amendments to the Insurance Law Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha.

Given below are four jumbled sentences. Select the option that gives their correct logical sequence.

A. They stand undefeated in the realms of Shakespeare and Homer.

B. India is a country where people are full of immense prolixity and exemplary storytelling.

C. Additionally, the philosophical discourse and discussions on various dilemmas of life associated with the Bhagavad Gita are highly appreciated by scholars from all over the world.

D. Mahabharata and Ramayana are two great examples of colossal works that unquestionably enjoy the virtue of being peak sources for the cultural ethos of the country.

Direction: Use the verbs given in brackets either in Active or Passive according to sense of the given sentence.
Yesterday the meaning of the poem……..to the students but they……it.(explain, understand)

Direction: In the following questions, out of the four alternatives, choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word as your answer.

Calamity