The Richter magnitude scale (often shortened to Richter scale) was developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy that is released during an earthquake. An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

The values of Indian democracy can be traced in the Preamble of the Constitution. The 'Preamble' of the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding objectives and principles of the document indicating the source from which the document derives its authority and meaning for the people.