Bal Gangadhar Tilak has never been appointed as the President of the Indian National Congress(INC). He established a prominent organization Deccan Education Society to promote modern learning. He also established Fergusson College at Pune. He along with Annie Besant played an important role during Home Rule Movement(1916-18).

(D) The most conspicuous bravery or self-sacrifice on land, air, or sea but not in the presence of the enemy.

The Ashoka Chakra is a peacetime military decoration awarded for acts of the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valor or self-sacrifice on land, at sea, or in the air. It is not specific to actions in the presence of the enemy, distinguishing it from some other military decorations.

Soil erosion which is also called the 'creeping death of the soil' is a global problem (Tripathi and Singh, 1993). India is facing soil erosion problems in sectors such as reservoir siltation, soil-degradation and in agricultural sectors mainly.