Income method measures National Income from the side of payments made to the primary factor of production for their productive services in an accounting year.

The components of factor income are (i) Employee’s Compensation, (ii) Profit, (iii) Rent, (iv) Interest, (v) Mixed income and (vi) Royalty.

Profit, rent, interest and other mixed income are jointly known as operating surplus.

Let Ramana's age 8 years ago be x years and mother's age 8 years ago be 5x 2(x + 16) = 5x + 16 2x + 32 = 5x + 16 3x = 16    years Hence, Present age of Ramana =  years

Product formation : It can be defined as putting different products and services together to form a product for the satisfaction of customer. For e.g. Hospitality is a product formation which is not made from a single item.  Service brigade : Team of staffs involved in providing service The Moment of Truth: It is the actual time when customer interacts with service staff. It is the moment of contact when no management has control. It is the motivation, skill, tools of the service and expectation, behavior, expectation of the customer determines the quality of the service.