In which country has the 13th edition of the Indian Premier League (IPL) started?

In the following question, select the related letter/letters from the given alternatives.
PAL : RDP : : MRF  :  ?

Directions: In each question below are two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow (s) from the statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some pencils are erasers.
All pencils are sharpeners.
All erasers are not sharpeners.
Conclusions:
I. All erasers can be pencils.
II. Some sharpeners are erasers.
Give answer
(A) if only conclusion I follows.
(B) if only conclusion II follows.
(C) if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.
(D) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.
(E) if both conclusion I and conclusion II follows.

Choose the most appropriate option from the choices given below: 

Choose from the following an acceptable way of writing the date: 

Washing soda is the common name for

Which of the following is caused by the higher concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorous?