1. There are a total of 12 function keys on the keyboard, labelled F1 to F12.

2. These keys usually perform a special function defined by the operating system or the currently running program.

- F1 key: It is used as a help key in almost every program. When this key is pressed a help screen opens.

- F2 key: In Microsoft Windows, renames a highlighted icon, file, or folder in all versions of Windows.

- F3 key: When on the Windows desktop, often opens a search feature for many programs, including Microsoft Windows.

- F4 key: Use to open or find a window in Windows 95 to XP.

- F5 key: In all modern Internet browsers, pressing F5 refreshes or reloads the page or document window.

- F6 key: Move the cursor to the address bar in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and most other Internet browsers.

- F7 key: Commonly used to perform a grammar check in Microsoft programs, such as Microsoft Word, Outlook, etc.

- F8 key: It is used to enter the Windows Startup Menu.

- F9 key: Used to refresh the document in Microsoft Word.

- F10 key: In Microsoft Windows, activate the menu bar of an open application.

- F11 key: Used to enter and exit full-screen mode in all modern Internet browsers.

- F12 key: Use the Save As window in Microsoft Word.

The search engine performs the following tasks-

1. Web crawling: Search engines search all web pages on the web using a crawler. A crawler is a program that finds new web pages by following links on the web.

2. Indexing: Once the crawler finds all the web pages, the search engine indexes them in a database. The index contains information for each web page, such as title, URL, and content.

3. Searching: When a user types a search query, the search engine searches all the web pages in the index that may be related to the query.

During DBMS operation, essential files include the data dictionary, containing metadata like table structures, and the transaction log, recording all database transactions. The data dictionary guides the DBMS in understanding database organization, while the transaction log ensures data integrity by recording modifications. Both files are crucial for effective database management, enabling accurate querying, data manipulation, and system recovery in case of failures, ensuring the system's reliability and consistency.

1. According to the IT Act, Section 67 prevents the publication of obscene material.

2. Under Section 67 of the IT Act, if any objectionable video of any kind is posted on the internet, there is a provision to take action against the person.

1. The file extension in PowerPoint 2010 is .pptx.

2. It is an open XML (Open XML) format used in PowerPoint 2007 and later versions.

3. .pptx files can also be opened with other presentation software, such as OpenOffice Impress, Google Slides, and Apple Keynote.