Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them, while answering some of the questions.
Among those suffering from the global recession are millions of workers who are not even included in the official statistics : urban recyclers – the trash pickers, sorters, traders and reprocesses who extricate paper, cardboard and plastics from garbage heaps and prepare them for reuse. Their work is both unrecorded and largely unrecognized, even though in some parts of the World they handle as much as 20% of all waste.
The World’s 15 million informal recyclers clean up cities, prevent some trash from ending in landfills and thus, reduce climate change by saving energy on waste disposal techniques like incineration. In the developed countries they are the preferred ones since they recycle waste much more cheaply and efficiently than governments or private corporations can. In the developing World, on the other hand, they provide the only recycling services except for a few big cities. But as recession hits the markets Worldwide, the price of scrap metal, paper and plastic has also fallen. Recyclers throughout the World are experiencing a sharp drop in income. Trash pickers and scrap dealers saw a decline of as much as 80% in the price of scrap from October 2007 to October 2009. In some countries scrap dealers have shuttered so quickly that researchers at the Solid Waste Management Association didn’t have a chance to record their losses. In Delhi, some 80% of families in the informal recycling business surveyed by an organization said they had cut back on “luxury foods,” which they defined as fruit, milk and meat. About 41% had stopped buying milk for their children. By this summer, most of those children, already malnourished, hadn’t had a glass of milk in nine months. Many of these children have also cut down on hours spent in school to work alongside their parents. Families have liquidated their most valuable assets – primarily copper from electrical wires – and have stopped sending remittances back to their rural villages. Many have also sold their emergency stores of grain. Their misery is not as familiar as that of the laid-off workers of big name but imploding, service sector corporation, but it is often more tragic. Few countries have adopted emergency measures to help trash pickers. Brazil, for one, is  providing recyclers, or “catadores,” with cheaper food, both through arrangements with local farmers and by offering food subsidies. Other countries, with the support of non-governmental organizations  and donor agencies are following Brazil’s example. Unfortunately, most trash pickers operate outside official notice and end up falling through the cracks of programmes like these. In the long run,  though, these invisible workers will remain especially vulnerable to economic slowdowns unless they are integrated into the formal business sector, where they can have insurance and reliable wages. This is not hard to accomplish. Informal junk shops should have to apply for licences, and governments should create or expand doorstep waste collection programmes to employ trash pickers. Instead of sorting through haphazard trash heaps and landfills, the pickers would have access to the cleaner scrap that comes from households.

The need of the hour, however, is a more immediate solution. An efficient but temporary solution would be for governments where they’d have to pay a small subsidy to waste dealers so they could purchase scrap from trash pickers at about 20% above the current price. This increase, if well advertised and broadky utilized, would bring recyclers a higher price and eventually bring them back from the brink. Trash pickers make our cities healthier and more liveable. We all stand to gain by making sure that the work of recycling remains sustainable for years to come.

How, according to the author, have the recyclers contributed towards saving the environment?
(A) By preventing the trash being dumped into the landfills.
(B) By using renewable sources of energy to recycle the scrap.
(C) By helping to avoid the energy consuming waste disposal techniques.

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.

P. undermining the strict application of comparative anthropology

Q. in the early 20th century it was almost universally assumed

R. that traditional cultures would be completely assimilated

S. into colonial cultures within a few decades, thus

Rearrange the parts of the sentence in correct order.
 Our study goes

P. beyond LDL cholesterol levels to get

Q. and the impact of eating walnuts daily

R. a complete picture of all of the lipoproteins

S. on their potential to improve cardiovascular risk

In the following passage some words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with the help of the alternatives given. Select the most appropriate option for each number.

Antarctica is perhaps the one place on Earth no one would have expected (1)______ canyons. And yet, scientists were surprised to (2)______ deep crevices that run for hundreds of kilometres. (3)______ they are not visible at the snowy surface, (4)______ trenches cut deep into Antarctica. The biggest (5)______ canyon is over 350 km long. It’s called ‘Foundation Trough’. Other canyons are not as long, but they are impressive too. These canyons were found with the help of radars after scanning the wide expanse of the frozen continent. They are incredibly important because they help control the flow of the ice.

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank No. 4.

Directions: In the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active/Passive Voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive /Active Voice.

They have spotted me in the crowd.

Select the correct indirect speech form of the given sentence.

Mother said, “I’m worried about your safety.”

Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.

Clandestine

Select the denotation of the highlighted word.
 The tie complements the shirt he is wearing.