The San Francisco Conference, officially known as the United Nations Conference on International Organization, took place from April 25 to June 26, 1945. Therefore, the correct answer is:

(D) 25 April 1945

The San Francisco Conference, also known as the United Nations Conference on International Organization, was held in 1945. During this conference, the final approval and adoption of the United Nations Charter occurred. Delegates from various countries gathered in San Francisco to establish the UN, and the charter, which serves as the foundational document of the organization, was signed on June 26, 1945. This marked a significant step in the post-World War II efforts to promote international cooperation, peace, and security.

Syria's capital, Damascus, is the oldest capital in existence. It is the fourth holiest city in Islam, according to some. Damascus was established in the third millennium B.C., making it one of the Middle East's oldest cities.

The "Tragedy of the Commons" is a concept introduced by Garrett Hardin in a famous 1968 essay. It describes a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, deplete shared resources, leading to the detriment of the overall community. The term "commons" refers to resources that are accessible to everyone, and the tragedy occurs when individuals, motivated by personal gain, exploit these resources excessively, leading to their depletion or degradation. Hardin's work highlights the challenges of managing common resources and the need for collective action or regulatory measures to prevent the tragedy from occurring. This concept has been widely applied to environmental issues and resource management.

Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is named after Sir George Everest, a Welsh geographer and surveyor general of India in the 19th century. Although Sir George Everest himself objected to having the mountain named after him, the proposal was accepted, and the mountain retained the name Everest. The naming was done by the Royal Geographical Society in 1865 to honor his contributions to the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, which played a significant role in mapping the subcontinent.

The "World Development Report" is an annual publication by the World Bank. It provides in-depth analysis and insights into key development issues facing the world. Each report focuses on a specific theme, addressing economic, social, and environmental challenges. The aim is to offer policymakers, researchers, and development practitioners valuable information and perspectives to inform decision-making and promote sustainable development globally.

America achieved independence in 1776 under the leadership of (C) George Washington. Abraham Lincoln and George W. Bush were Presidents of the United States in later periods, and they were not involved in the events leading to the Declaration of Independence in 1776.