(D) Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a deficiency of protein in the diet. It often occurs in areas where there is a lack of access to an adequate protein source. The condition is more common in developing countries and can affect children, leading to symptoms such as swelling (edema), a distended abdomen, stunted growth, and changes in skin and hair. Protein is essential for the proper growth and maintenance of tissues in the body, and a lack of it can result in severe health issues, as seen in the case of kwashiorkor. Scurvy, Beri-Beri, and Night-Blindness are caused by deficiencies of vitamin C, thiamine (vitamin B1), and vitamin A, respectively, not protein.

The first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 was:

(A) Penicillin

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin revolutionized medicine by introducing the first widely used antibiotic, which proved effective against a variety of bacterial infections.

(D) Jonas Salk

The polio vaccine was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk. He and his team conducted extensive research in the 1950s, leading to the development of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which became widely used for the prevention of polio. The vaccine was a significant breakthrough in medical science and played a crucial role in the global effort to eradicate polio.