A pacemaker is a medical device used to regulate the heartbeat in individuals with abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It is often implanted in the chest to help control the heart's rhythm and treat conditions like bradycardia (slow heart rate) or other rhythm disorders. Pacemakers are typically prescribed by cardiologists, specialized doctors who diagnose and treat heart-related conditions. The decision to implant a pacemaker is made by a healthcare provider based on the patient's specific medical condition and needs.

Flat Mirror (or Plane Mirror): Reflects light without distorting the image. The image formed is erect (upright) and of the same size as the object, but reversed from left to right.

Convex Mirror: Also produces an erect image. The image formed is virtual (cannot be projected onto a screen), smaller than the actual object, and upright.

Both flat and convex mirrors can create upright (erect) images of real objects.

the uppermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis. It is the outermost layer of the skin and provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and moisture loss. The epidermis also contains cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, and it constantly renews itself through a process called cell turnover.