1. On November 26, 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution. However, it was implemented throughout the country from January 26, 1950.

2. Since 2015, the Government of India has declared 26 November as Constitution Day. The objective of this decision is to promote the importance of the Constitution and educate citizens about their rights and duties.

The States Reorganization Commission formed in 1953 recommended that India should be reorganized on linguistic lines. The Commission made the following major recommendations:

1. India should be reorganized into 14 states and 6 union territories.

2. The boundaries of states should be determined on the basis of language.

3. Special provisions should be made to protect the interests of minorities.

4. Administrative and financial arrangements should be made for the new states.

1. Article 226 of the Constitution of India empowers the High Court to issue writs.

2. Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue all types of writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights of citizens or for ‘any other purpose’.

1. Part IV-A of the Constitution of India deals with the duties of the citizens. Article 51A lists 11 fundamental duties in this part.

2. These duties motivate citizens to understand and fulfil their responsibilities towards their country, society and environment.

3. The fundamental duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 on the recommendations of the Swarn Singh Committee.

4. The fundamental duties of the citizens of India are as follows-

- Adhere to the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, national flag and national anthem.

- Keep in your heart the high ideals that inspired the national movement for independence and follow them.

- Protect India's sovereignty, unity and integrity and keep it intact.

-Defend the country and serve the nation when called upon.

- To create a spirit of harmony and common brotherhood among all the people of India, transcending all forms of discrimination based on religion, language, region or class, and to abandon such practices which are against the dignity of women.

- Understand the importance of the glorious tradition of our composite culture and preserve it.

- Protect and improve the natural environment which includes forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have compassion for living beings.

- Develop humanism from the scientific point of view and the spirit of learning and improvement.

- Keep public property safe and stay away from violence.

- Make continuous efforts to move towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities so that the nation can progress and achieve new heights of achievement.

- To provide opportunities for education to our children between the ages of six and fourteen years (Added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).