A tap can fill the tank in 8 hours and another can empty it in 16 hours. If both the taps are opened simultaneously, the time (in hours) to fill the tank is__.

A pump can fill a cistern in 40 minutes and another pump can empty the filled up cistern in 1 hour. By mistake, without closing the second pump, the first pump is opened. The time in which the empty cistern will be filled up is