(C) Spinal cord

Vertebrae are part of the spinal column, also known as the backbone or spine. The spinal column is a bony structure that encases and protects the spinal cord, which is a crucial component of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of various bodily functions.

(D) Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by the deficiency of protein in the diet. It is a form of malnutrition that particularly affects children in regions where there is a lack of access to an adequate protein source. Symptoms of kwashiorkor include edema (swelling), stunted growth, and changes in skin and hair. The other options listed—Hypokalemia, Dermatosis, and Goitre—are not specifically caused by a deficiency of protein. Hypokalemia is a low potassium level, dermatosis refers to various skin disorders, and goitre is often associated with iodine deficiency leading to thyroid gland enlargement.

(D) Mesocarp

The edible portion of a mango is the mesocarp, which is the fleshy and pulpy middle layer of the fruit. The outer skin (exocarp) is not typically consumed, and the inner seed (endocarp) is also not eaten. The mesocarp is the part that is juicy, sweet, and commonly enjoyed in various culinary applications, such as eating the fruit fresh, making juices, or incorporating it into salads and desserts.