(B) Spleen

The organ primarily affected by malaria is the spleen. Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and an enlarged spleen. The spleen plays a crucial role in the immune response against malaria, but the infection can cause it to enlarge as it filters out infected red blood cells from the circulation. If left untreated, severe cases of malaria can lead to complications, including damage to the spleen and other organs.

(D) Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by the deficiency of protein in the diet. It is a form of malnutrition that particularly affects children in regions where there is a lack of access to an adequate protein source. Symptoms of kwashiorkor include edema (swelling), stunted growth, and changes in skin and hair. The other options listed—Hypokalemia, Dermatosis, and Goitre—are not specifically caused by a deficiency of protein. Hypokalemia is a low potassium level, dermatosis refers to various skin disorders, and goitre is often associated with iodine deficiency leading to thyroid gland enlargement.

(D) Mesocarp

The edible portion of a mango is the mesocarp, which is the fleshy and pulpy middle layer of the fruit. The outer skin (exocarp) is not typically consumed, and the inner seed (endocarp) is also not eaten. The mesocarp is the part that is juicy, sweet, and commonly enjoyed in various culinary applications, such as eating the fruit fresh, making juices, or incorporating it into salads and desserts.