Multicast switch

1. Optical fibres use total internal reflection to transfer data. The primary condition for total internal reflection is that the signal must travel from an optically denser medium to an optically rarer medium. Secondly, the angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.

1. Encryption is the process of encoding data in cryptography.

2. This process transforms the plaintext or original representation of data into ciphertext or alternative representation of the data.

3. Only authorized parties should be able to decipher the ciphertext back into plaintext and access the original data.

4. Encryption in itself does not prevent interference, but it hinders interceptors from deciphering the content.

1. UPI (Unified Payments Interface): UPI is a mobile-based payment system that allows users to transfer money from their bank accounts to any other bank account instantly and securely.

2. As a UPI user, you have to create a unique identifier called UPI ID. It is linked to your bank account. With its help, money can be easily sent and received from the bank account. For this, you do not need to share your account number or other information.

1. The full name of FTP is File Transfer Protocol.

2. It is a network protocol used to transfer files between two computers.

3. FTP is a two-way protocol, which means both computers can send and receive files from each other.

4. FTP runs in two main modes-

- Unprotected Mode: This mode transfers files without any protection.

- Secure Mode: This mode uses encryption to transfer files using SSL or TLS.

1. Junk email is called spam. Spam is an email that you did not request, and which usually promotes advertising or other unwanted content.

2. Spoofing is a special type of cyber-attack in which someone attempts to deceive other computer networks by using a computer, device, or network to identify themselves as a legitimate entity.