1. Article 148 of the Constitution of India provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).

2. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India is an independent authority under the Constitution of India.

3. He audits all financial transactions of the Government of India and State Governments.

1. Article 32 of the Indian Constitution deals with the “Right to Constitutional Remedies”. This article gives the right to every citizen of India to file a petition before the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the fundamental rights granted by the Constitution.

2. Under this article, the Supreme Court can issue five types of writs to provide relief to any person against violation of his fundamental rights.

- Habeas Corpus
 - query of rights
 - mandamus
 - prompting
 - detention

Quo warranto is a prerogative writ requiring the person to whom it is directed to show what authority they have for exercising some right or power (or “franchise”) they claim to hold.

1. The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution are divided into three parts, which include national emergency (Article-352), failure of constitutional machinery in states/President's rule (Article-356) and financial emergency (Article-360).

2. Articles 352 to 360 in Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution deal with the provisions relating to Emergency.

3. National Emergency can be declared only after a resolution is passed by both the Houses of Parliament.

4. The resolution should contain an express proposal to enable the President to declare a national emergency.

Supreme court (article 32) and High Courts (article 226) have the right to issue a writ.

The fundamental rights are enshrined in Part 3 of the constitution from Articles 12 to 35.