Explanation: The Rigveda is the oldest and most important text of the Vedic period, consisting of hymns dedicated to various deities.

Lothal is close to Saragwala village that’s in Ahmedabad district. In between 1955 and 1962, it was excavated in the direction of S.R. Rao, where the remain of a town two miles inhabited received. It was divided in 6 parts. The ruins of Defence ramparts, roads and houses and elevated platforms were found here. Here the most valuable achievement was a large size cardoon (214×3 cm) which was made up of pared brick. Rao said this ‘the ships dock’. Hence lothal was a port city. It was situated on the banks of bhoguva river. Two different mounds are not found in Lothal. The entire along was surrounded by a single wall.

Explanation: Varnas were the four main social classes in the Vedic period, which later evolved into the caste system.

The fifth Buddhist Council was held at Kannaj during the Reign of Harsha, while third was during the reign of Ashoka and fourth was held during the reign of Buddha.

The Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan.

Ajat Shatru, Bimbisara and Udayin were contemporary to Buddha. Mahapadmananda was not contemporary ruler to Buddha.