The Peninsular War took place from 1808 to 1814 on the Iberian Peninsula. It began when Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal. Widespread resistance from Spanish and Portuguese forces, along with guerrilla warfare, led to a protracted conflict. The war significantly weakened Napoleon's forces and contributed to his strategic challenges. The conflict ended with the defeat of French forces in the region by the Sixth Coalition, consisting of British, Spanish, and Portuguese allies.

The Treaty of Prague was signed on August 23, 1866, between Austria and the Kingdom of Italy. As a result of this treaty, Austria agreed to cede the territory of Venetia to Italy. This territorial transfer was part of the broader context of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, also known as the Seven Weeks' War, where Austria faced defeat against Prussia. The treaty contributed to the process of Italian unification, as Venetia was an important region that was integrated into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.

The College of William & Mary, located in Williamsburg, Virginia, was founded in 1693 by a royal charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II of England. It is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, after Harvard University. The college has a rich history and has played a significant role in American education and the development of the nation.

Napoleon Bonaparte attempted to establish relations with Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in Southern India, during the late 18th century. Both leaders shared a common enemy in the British, and there were efforts to form an alliance against British colonial interests in India. However, these diplomatic initiatives did not materialize into concrete military support, as Napoleon's focus shifted to other geopolitical concerns in Europe.

The primary reason for America's involvement in World War II was:

(C) Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

The United States entered World War II on December 7, 1941, after the surprise attack by Japan on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Prior to the attack, the U.S. had pursued a policy of neutrality, but the bombing of Pearl Harbor prompted the U.S. to declare war on Japan, and subsequently, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.