Direction: In the question below are given three statements followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:

Some beds are sofas.

Some sofas are chairs.

All chairs are books.

Conclusions:

I. Some beds are chairs.

II. Some sofas are books.

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 I. All A are D.
 II. No D is E.

Conclusions:
 I. No E is A.
 II. All D are A.
 III. All E are D.

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

Statements:

I. No A is B.

II. All C are D.

III. Some C are B.

Conclusions:

I. Some D are B.

II. Some B are C.

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 Some fingers are toes.
 Some toes are rings.
 Some rings are hands.

Conclusions:
 I. Some hands are toes.
 II. Some rings are fingers.
 III. Some hands are fingers.
 IV. Some fingers are rings.

A question is given, followed by two statements numbered (I) and (II). You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements is sufficient to answer the question. Read both the statements and select the appropriate answer.
 Question: How many people are standing in the row where all people are facing north?
Statements:
 (I) A is fourth from the left end; M is second to the right of A; and R is second from the left end.
 (II) M is fourth from the right end; only two people Stand between M and B.

Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.

Statement I: Classical Indian logicians (Naiyāyikas) define Upamāna (Comparison) as the cognition of the new object through similarity, known by another means of cognition. 

Statement II: Naiyāyikas consider upamāna as a type of inductive reasoning and therefore view it as a type of inference (anumāna) only. 

In the following question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions based on those statements. Taking the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows the given statements.

Statements:
 I. Some F are D.
 II. No A is D.

Conclusion:
 I. Some F are A.
 II. No D is A.
 III. Some F are not A.

Read the given statement(s) and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statement(s).
 Statements:
 Some stones are cubes.
 No cube is a glass.
 All bats are cubes.
 Conclusions:
 I. Some stones being bats is a possibility.
 II. No bat is a glass.
 III. All cubes are bats.
 IV. No stone is a glass.