1. The domed internal landform created by volcanic activity is called a batholith.

2. The process of volcanism includes the process from the formation of magma and gas in the Earth's interior to the formation of lava coming to the Earth's crust and the landforms resulting from it. The explosiveness of a volcano is determined based on the amount of silica in the magma.

3. Classification of volcanoes on the basis of activity -

- Active Volcano: Volcanoes from which lava, gas and fragmented materials are always coming out are called active volcanoes. Stromboli (Sicily), Etna (Italy), Cotopaxi (Ecuador), Barren Island (Andaman Nicobar, India) etc. are examples of active volcanoes.

- Dormant Volcano: This category includes those volcanoes which have not been active for years but can erupt at any time. This category includes Krakatau of Indonesia and Narcondam Island of Andaman.

- Dead Volcano: This category includes those volcanoes in which no eruption has taken place for thousands of years. Chimbarrazo of Ecuador and Kohsultan of Iran are its main examples.

The headquarters of the Central Institute of Arid Horticulture is located 10 km away from Bikaner city on National Highway No. 15 (Bikaner-Sriganganagar Road) at 280 North latitude and 730.18 East longitude and 234.84 m above sea level. Above.

1. To conduct plan-targeted basic studies to develop technologies to increase the production and utilization of horticultural crops in dry areas.

2. To act as ‘National Gene Bank’ of dry horticultural crops.

3. To develop effective crop rotation of multiple horticultural crops in dry environment.

4. To act as a 'National Centre' of scientific information related to arid horticulture.

5. To act as 'Human Resource Development Centre' of arid horticulture with the role of main coordinator between State Agricultural Universities and other similar functioning institutions.

6. To provide guiding advice for development and research of dry horticulture.

1. Maximum production of maize is in the southern and south-eastern parts of Rajasthan. These areas have high temperatures and rainfall, which is favourable for maize cultivation.

2. Highest producing districts of maize in Rajasthan which include Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Banswara, and Dungarpur.

1. The India-Pakistan International Border is named Radcliffe International Border because this border was determined by the British officer Michael Radcliffe. The length of the international border of Rajasthan is 1070 km which extends from Hindumal Kot (Ganganagar) to Shahgarh, (Barmer).

2. The districts of Rajasthan (from south to north) located on the international border are Barmer (228 km), Jaisalmer (464 km), Bikaner (168 km), Sriganganagar (210 km).